9  Leisure Activities

This chapter contains variables related to leisure activities.

9.1 DAC: Drama Activity

This questionnaire investigates quantitatively the drama activities of the pupils (theatre, improvisation, role playing) within the last three months.

var_name	DAC
var_stat_dyn	dynamic
var_content_group	leisure
var_info_type	self_report_score
item_level_data	TRUE
analysis_set_core	TRUE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE
number of items	4
response format	5-point rating scale

9.1.1 Online Demo

https://shiny.gold-msi.org/longgold_demo/?test=DAC

9.1.2 Reliability

Name	Name Full	Language	Number Items
dac	Drama Activity	English	4

9.1.3 Reference

Adaptation of The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) by Kowalski, Crocker & Donen (2004), see PAC

---

9.2 PAC: Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children

The PAQ-C collects the amount of sporting and physical activities using 5 items. It records quantitative data (frequency instead of intensity of the activities) concerning the last 3 months. We use the version for children (approx. 14 – 20 years).

var_name	PAC
var_stat_dyn	dynamic
var_content_group	leisure
var_info_type	self_report_score
item_level_data	TRUE
analysis_set_core	TRUE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE
number of items	5
response format	5-point rating scale

9.2.1 Online Demo

https://shiny.gold-msi.org/longgold_demo/?test=PAC

9.2.2 Reliability

Name	Name Full	Language	Number Items	Rel Test Retest
pac	Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children	English	5	0.75

9.2.3 References

Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P. R. E., & Donen, R. M. (2004). The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) Manual. College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.

Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P. R. E., & Kowalski, N. P. (1997). Convergent validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 9, 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.9.4.342

9.2.4 Link to the Original Publication

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter_Crocker/publication/228441462_The_Physical_Activity_Questionnaire_for_Older_Children_PAQ-C_and_Adolescents_PAQ-A_Manual/links/00b7d51a37fe869464000000.pdf

Bracken, Bruce A. 1992. Multidimensional Self Concept Scale. Pro-Ed.

Carifio, James. 1994. “Sensitive Data and Students’ Tendencies to Give Socially Desirable Responses.” Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education 39: 74–84.

Chan, Y. W. F., and Michal Kosinski. 2015. ICAR Project Wiki.

Cinelyte, Ugne, Jonathan Cannon, Aniruddh Patel, and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2022. “Testing Beat Perception Without Sensory Cues to the Beat: The Beat-Drop Alignment Test (BDAT).” Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 84: 2702–14. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02592-2.

Diener, Ed, Robert A. Emmons, Randy J. Larsen, and Sharon Griffin. 1985. “The Satisfaction with Life Scale.” Journal of Personality Assessment 49 (1): 71–75.

Duckworth, Angela L., and Patrick D. Quinn. 2009. “Development and Validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S).” Journal of Personality Assessment 91 (2): 166–74.

Dweck, Carol S. 2000. Self-Theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development. Psychology Press.

Eisinger, Miriam. 2021. “Struktur Subjektiver Theorien Über Musikalität Und Validierung Eines Messinstruments.” Jahrbuch Musikpsychologie 30. https://doi.org/10.5964/jbdgm.93.

Eitel, Michael, Nicolas Ruth, Peter M. C. Harrison, Klaus Frieler, and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2024. “Perception of Chord Sequences Modelled with Prediction by Partial Matching, Voice-Leading Distance, and Pitch-Class Spectral Similarity: A New Approach for Testing Individual Differences in Harmony Perception.” Music & Science 7.

Gadermann, Anne M., Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl, and Bruno D. Zumbo. 2010. “Investigating Validity Evidence of the Satisfaction with Life Scale Adapted for Children.” Social Indicators Research 96 (2): 229–47.

Gelding, Ryan W., Peter M. C. Harrison, Seb Silas, et al. 2021. “An Efficient and Adaptive Test of Auditory Mental Imagery.” Psychological Research 85: 1201–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01322-3.

Goodman, Robert, Howard Meltzer, and Victoria Bailey. 1998. “The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Pilot Study on the Validity of the Self-Report Version.” European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 7: 125–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007870050057.

Gosling, Samuel D., Peter J. Rentfrow, and William B. Swann. 2003. “A Very Brief Measure of the Big-Five Personality Domains.” Journal of Research in Personality 37: 504–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1.

Hake, Robert, Ralf Bürgel, Nhu Nguyen, Alinka Greasley, Daniel Müllensiefen, and Kai Siedenburg. 2023. “Development of an Adaptive Test of Musical Scene Analysis Abilities for Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners.” Behavior Research Methods, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02279-y.

Harrison, Peter M. C., Tom Collins, and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2017. “Applying Modern Psychometric Techniques to Melodic Discrimination Testing: Item Response Theory, Computerised Adaptive Testing, and Automatic Item Generation.” Scientific Reports 7: 425. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03586-z.

Harrison, Peter M. C., and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2018. “Development and Validation of the Computerised Adaptive Beat Alignment Test (CA-BAT).” Scientific Reports 8: 12395. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30318-8.

Kowalski, Kent C., Peter R. E. Crocker, and R. M. Donen. 2004. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) Manual. University of Saskatchewan.

Kowalski, Kent C., Peter R. E. Crocker, and N. P. Kowalski. 1997. “Convergent Validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents.” Pediatric Exercise Science 9: 342–52. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.9.4.342.

Larrouy-Maestri, Pauline L., Peter M. C. Harrison, David Walker, and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2017. “A New Test of the Ability to Detect Mistuning in Real Music.” Proceedings of ESCOM 2017.

Lee, Harin, and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2020. “The Timbre Perception Test (TPT): A New Interactive Musical Assessment Tool to Measure Timbre Perception Ability.” Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82: 3658–75. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02058-3.

MacGregor, Callum, and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2019. “The Musical Emotion Discrimination Task: A New Measure for Assessing the Ability to Discriminate Emotions in Music.” Frontiers in Psychology 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01955.

MacGregor, Callum, Nicolas Ruth, and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2023. “Development and Validation of the First Adaptive Test of Emotion Perception in Music.” Cognition and Emotion 37 (2): 284–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2022.2162003.

Müllensiefen, Daniel, Bruno Gingras, Jakub Musil, and Lauren Stewart. 2014. “The Musicality of Non-Musicians: An Index for Assessing Musical Sophistication in the General Population.” PLoS ONE 9: e89642. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089642.

Müllensiefen, Daniel, Peter Harrison, Federica Caprini, and Alexander Fancourt. 2015. “Investigating the Importance of Self-Theories of Intelligence and Musicality for Students’ Academic and Musical Achievement.” Frontiers in Psychology 6: 1702. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01702.

Musil, Jakub, Basel El-Nusairi, and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2013. “Perceptual Dimensions of Short Audio Clips and Corresponding Timbre Features.” In From Sounds to Music and Emotions. Springer.

Osborne, Margaret S., and Dianna T. Kenny. 2005. “Development and Validation of a Music Performance Anxiety Inventory for Gifted Adolescent Musicians.” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 19 (7): 725–51.

Rentfrow, Peter J., Lewis R. Goldberg, and Daniel J. Levitin. 2011. “The Structure of Musical Preferences: A Five-Factor Model.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100: 1139–57. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022406.

Rose, David. 2005. The ESeC Class Schema Summarized.

Rose, David, and David J. Pevalin. 2001. The National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification: Unifying Official and Sociological Approaches to the Conceptualisation and Measurement of Social Class. Working Paper 2001-4. Institute for Social; Economic Research, University of Essex.

Ruth, Nicolas, and Daniel Müllensiefen. 2020. “Associations Between Musical Preferences and Personality in Female Secondary School Students.” Psychomusicology 30 (4): 202–11. https://doi.org/10.1037/pmu0000267.

Snyder, C. R., Betsy Hoza, William E. Pelham, et al. 1997. “The Development and Validation of the Children’s Hope Scale.” Journal of Pediatric Psychology 22 (3): 399–421.

Sundre, Donna L., and Donald L. Moore. 2002. “The Student Opinion Scale: A Measure of Examinee Motivation.” Assessment Update 14: 8–9.

Tsigeman, Elizaveta, Seb Silas, Klaus Frieler, et al. 2022. “The Jack and Jill Adaptive Working Memory Task: Construction, Calibration and Validation.” PLoS ONE 17 (1): e0262200. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262200.

Wang, Ming-Te, John B. Willett, and Jacquelynne S. Eccles. 2011. “The Assessment of School Engagement: Examining Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance by Gender and Race/Ethnicity.” Journal of School Psychology 49: 465–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2011.04.001.

Zuk, Jennifer, Patricia E. Andrade, Orlando V. C. A. Andrade, Martin Gardiner, and Nadine Gaab. 2013. “Musical, Language, and Reading Abilities in Early Portuguese Readers.” Frontiers in Psychology 4: 288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00288.