6  Demographic

This chapter contains variables that provide demographic information about participants.

6.1 country

Information about the students’ country background.

var_name	country	country.formative_years	country.nationality
var_stat_dyn	static	static	static
var_content_group	demographic	demographic	demographic
var_info_type	score	self_report_score	self_report_score
item_level_data	is_no_scale	is_no_scale	is_no_scale
analysis_set_core	TRUE	TRUE	TRUE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE	TRUE	TRUE
description	The country in which the assessment took place.	The country in which most of the participant’s life was spent.	Nationality/citizenship (in cases of dual citizenship including the country of assessment, participants were asked to indicate the country of assessment).
Values	“UK” = England;
“DE” = Germany	“AF”= Afghanistan; “DZ”= Algeria; “OTHER”= Other country; “BG”= Bulgaria; “CN”= China; “DE”= Germany; “DO”= Dominican Republic; “SV”= El Salvador; “FR”= France; “GR”= Greece; “UK”= UK; “GT”= Guatemala; “IN”= India; “IQ”= Iraq; “IR”= Iran; “IE”= Ireland; “IT”= Italy; “CA”= Canada; “XK”= Kosovo; “HR”= Croatia; “CU”= Cuba; “LT”= Lithuania; “MX”= Mexico; “NL”= Netherlands; “NG”= Nigeria; “PK”= Pakistan; “PH”= Philippines; “PL”= Poland; “PT”= Portugal; “RO”= Romania; “RU”= Russia; “SN”= Senegal; “RS”= Serbia; “ES”= Spain; “SA”= South Africa; “KR”= South Korea; “SY”= Syria; “TR”= Turkey; “US”= USA; “VN”= Vietnam; “BY”= Belarus	“AF”= Afghanistan; “DZ”= Algeria; “OTHER”= Other country; “BG”= Bulgaria; “CN”= China; “DE”= Germany; “DO”= Dominican Republic; “SV”= El Salvador; “FR”= France; “GR”= Greece; “UK”= UK; “GT”= Guatemala; “IN”= India; “IQ”= Iraq; “IR”= Iran; “IE”= Ireland; “IT”= Italy; “CA”= Canada; “XK”= Kosovo; “HR”= Croatia; “CU”= Cuba; “LT”= Lithuania; “MX”= Mexico; “NL”= Netherlands; “NG”= Nigeria; “PK”= Pakistan; “PH”= Philippines; “PL”= Poland; “PT”= Portugal; “RO”= Romania; “RU”= Russia; “SN”= Senegal; “RS”= Serbia; “ES”= Spain; “SA”= South Africa; “KR”= South Korea; “SY”= Syria; “TR”= Turkey; “US”= USA; “VN”= Vietnam; “BY”= Belarus
r_rule_static		1) If current value is “DE” or “UK” use this value 2) modal value 3) most recently entered value that is no “NA”	1) If current value is “DE” or “UK” use this value 2) modal value 3) most recently entered value that is no “NA”

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6.2 school

The school attended by the student.

var_name	school
var_stat_dyn	static
var_content_group	demographic
var_info_type	score
item_level_data	is_no_scale
analysis_set_core	TRUE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE

6.2.1 School Information

Additional information about participating schools:

school id	acronym	country	school finance	academic selection
0	QAS	UK	private	selective
1	SVS	UK	private	selective
2	CAF	UK	private	selective
3	CRH	UK	private	selective
4	PTH	UK	private	selective
0	SCH	DE	public	selective
1	RHS	DE	public	selective
2	WRS	DE	public	selective
3	IGL	DE	public	non-selective
4	LSA	DE	public	non-selective
5	MSG	DE	public	selective
6	WHF	DE	public	non-selective
7	FGF	DE	public	selective

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6.3 Year Group and Age Group

These variables describe participants’ school year, age grouping, and the harmonisation of educational systems across Germany and England.

var_name	year_group_de	year_group_uk	year_group	age_group	age_group_num
var_stat_dyn	dynamic	dynamic	dynamic	dynamic	dynamic
var_content_group	demographic	demographic	demographic	demographic	demographic
var_info_type	time	time	time	time	time
item_level_data	is_no_scale	is_no_scale	is_no_scale	is_no_scale	is_no_scale
analysis_set_core	FALSE	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
analysis_set_extended	FALSE	FALSE	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE
description	Grade level at the time of testing for German students.	Grade level at the time of testing for English students.	A variable used to indicate the grade of German and English students in a single column. If neither year_group_de nor year_group_uk is available, the information is derived from “age”.	This is derived from year_group and shows the average age ranges of the respective age groups. In the UK, secondary school starts one year later, which is why there is no age_group 10_11 there.	This is derived from age_group and indicates the average age of the respective age group.

6.3.1 Relationship Between Year Group and Age Group

The following table shows how German grade levels, English year groups, and age groups correspond.

year_group_de	year_group_uk	age_group	age_group_num	Bezeichnung
5	NA	10_11	10.5	Klasse5
6	7	11_12	11.5	Klasse6_Year7
7	8	12_13	12.5	Klasse7_Year8
8	9	13_14	13.5	Klasse8_Year9
9	10	14_15	14.5	Klasse9_Year10
10	11	15_16	15.5	Klasse10_Year11
11	12	16_17	16.5	Klasse11_Year12
12	13	17_18	17.5	Klasse12_Year13
13	NA	18_19	18.5	Klasse13

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6.4 age

Information about participant age and date of birth.

var_name	age	age.months	birth.month	birth.year
var_stat_dyn	dynamic	dynamic	static	static
var_content_group	demographic	demographic	demographic	demographic
var_info_type	time	time	self_report_score	self_report_score
item_level_data	is_no_scale	is_no_scale	is_no_scale	is_no_scale
analysis_set_core	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	FALSE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	FALSE
description	Age of the participants at the time of testing in years. In test waves 1 and 2, this was collected via questionnaire entry; from wave 3 onwards, it was calculated using birth.year, birth.month, and the time of testing.	Age of the participants at the time of testing in months. In test waves 1 and 2, this was collected via questionnaire entry; from wave 3 onwards, it was calculated using birth.year, birth.month, and the time of testing.	Month in which the participant was born. This is reported in the questionnaire via a dropdown menu. It was not collected in test waves 1 and 2.	Year in which the participant was born. This is reported in the questionnaire via a dropdown menu. It was not collected in test waves 1 and 2.

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6.5 gender

Indicates the participant’s social gender.

var_name	gender
var_stat_dyn	static
var_content_group	demographic
var_info_type	score
item_level_data	is_no_scale
analysis_set_core	TRUE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE
r_rule_static	1) If current value is “Rather not say”, replace with most frequent value from another year that is not “Rather not say” 2) Most frequent value 3) NA

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6.6 Handedness

Information about participant handedness.

var_name	handedness.self_reported	handedness.writing
var_stat_dyn	dynamic	dynamic
var_content_group	demographic	demographic
var_info_type	self_report_score	self_report_score
item_level_data	is_no_scale	is_no_scale
analysis_set_core	TRUE	TRUE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE	TRUE

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6.7 Hearing Impairment

For this item, pupils indicate whether they have issues such as illness-related problems or difficulties with hearing.

var_name	hearing_impairment.binary	hearing_impairment.full_text
var_stat_dyn	dynamic	dynamic
var_content_group	demographic	demographic
var_info_type	self_report_score	aux
item_level_data	is_no_scale	is_no_scale
analysis_set_core	TRUE	FALSE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE	FALSE
Values	TRUE = hearing difficulties; FALSE = no hearing difficulties	Free text field for specifying the type of hearing difficulties.

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6.8 Languages

Information about languages spoken by participants.

var_name	language.first	language.second
var_stat_dyn	static	static
var_content_group	demographic	demographic
var_info_type	self_report_score	self_report_score
item_level_data	is_no_scale	is_no_scale
analysis_set_core	TRUE	TRUE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE	TRUE
description	Indicates the native language spoken.	Indicates any additional language spoken in everyday life.
values	“AR” = Arabic; “BG” = Bulgarian; “DE” = German; “EL” = Greek; “EN” = English; “ES” = Spanish; “FA” = Persian; “FR” = French; “HAT” = Haitian; “HI” = Hindi; “HU” = Hungarian; “IT” = Italian; “JA” = Japanese; “KO” = Korean; “KU” = Kurdish; “LT” = Lithuanian; “NL” = Dutch; “OTHER” = Other language; “PA” = Punjabi; “PL” = Polish; “PS” = Pashto; “PT” = Portuguese; “RO” = Romanian; “RU” = Russian; “SR” = Serbian; “SQ” = Albanian; “TL” = Tagalog; “TR” = Turkish; “VI” = Vietnamese; “ZH” = Chinese; “NONE” = no second languages	“AR” = Arabic; “BG” = Bulgarian; “DE” = German; “EL” = Greek; “EN” = English; “ES” = Spanish; “FA” = Persian; “FR” = French; “HAT” = Haitian; “HI” = Hindi; “HU” = Hungarian; “IT” = Italian; “JA” = Japanese; “KO” = Korean; “KU” = Kurdish; “LT” = Lithuanian; “NL” = Dutch; “OTHER” = Other language; “PA” = Punjabi; “PL” = Polish; “PS” = Pashto; “PT” = Portuguese; “RO” = Romanian; “RU” = Russian; “SR” = Serbian; “SQ” = Albanian; “TL” = Tagalog; “TR” = Turkish; “VI” = Vietnamese; “ZH” = Chinese; “NONE” = no second languages
r_rule_static	1) If current value is “DE” or “UK” use this value 2) modal value 3) most recently entered value that is no “NA”	1) If current value is “DE” or “UK” use this value 2) modal value 3) most recently entered value that is no “NA”

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6.9 SES: Socio-economic Status

The socio-economic status of participants is assessed using six items. The questionnaire asks for the educational level of the parents and the professional activity of the main income earner (highest wage).

var_name	SES.class	SES.educational_degree
var_stat_dyn	static	static
var_content_group	demographic	demographic
var_info_type	self_report_score	self_report_score
item_level_data	FALSE	TRUE
analysis_set_core	FALSE	TRUE
analysis_set_extended	TRUE	TRUE
description	Beruf der Eltern	Bildungsniveau der Eltern
R_rule_static	1) modal value 2) most recently entered value that is no “NA”	1) modal value 2) most recently entered value that is no “NA”
Number of items	4	2
Response format	categorical items	7-point rating scale
scoring		Is scored on a 1 to 6 response scale where higher values indicate higher educational degrees. This applies to the data downloadable via the LongGold data explorer. But note that for data directly coming from the psyquest implementation, the scale is reversed and higher values represent lower educational degrees.

6.9.1 Online Demo

https://shiny.gold-msi.org/longgold_demo/?test=SES

6.9.2 Reliability

Name	Name Full	Language	Number Items
ses	Socio-economic Status	English	6
ses	Class subscale	English	3
ses	Educational degree subscale	English	3

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6.9.4 Link to Original publication

http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/classifications/current-standard-classifications/soc2010/soc2010-volume-3-ns-sec--rebased-on-soc2010--user-manual/index.html

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